Thursday

Butterfly in the Buddlea

This was taken in April 2004. The current blooms are wispy white with the purple yet to arrive

Riding the Rails

Ugly railways

Why are our railways so ugly? Would more people be tempted to use CityRail if the views were not so full of rubbish?

Climate Change – Where are we?

Copenhagen is over. I thought the most useless activity was Greenpeace people climbing light poles. Or was it the press complaining of being locked out in the cold for 8 hours while the activists caused some security problem?

This email sparked more thinking about where we are in the climate change ‘debate’.

“The Copenhagen backlash begins”, Foreign Policy Review Daily email, 22 December.

Top Story: Just days after countries agreed to a face-saving agreement at the U.N. climate talks in Copenhagen, accusations have begun to fly about who was responsible for the disappointing conference. Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva criticized the United States for failing to commit for emissions reductions. South African negotiators, who participated in the drafting of the final agreement, nonetheless attacked it as “not acceptable.”

E.U. environment ministers will meet today to discuss how to proceed in the wake of the Copenhagen “disaster.” Writing in the Guardian on Sunday, British climate secretary Ed Miliband accused China of having “hijacked” the proceedings for its own goals. A Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman responded that Miliband’s accusations were just a way “to shirk responsibilities that should be assumed towards developing countries.”

At least one minister seemed happy with how the talks turned out. Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh told parliament that India had been able to resist international pressure to agree to binding emissions cuts. The markets were less upbeat with carbon prices plunging on the European exchange on Monday.

There is no clarity.

I thought this morning as I walked the dogs and listened to how 37 per cent of Copenhagen’s commuters travel by bicycle, I would attempt a summary of the current situation. But on reading the daily press, snippets of news on the internet and listening to some podcasts I remain perplexed. The attacks are increasingly irrational, the reports increasingly data-free and the analyses more infrequent. The situation is beginning to present the scenario for the arrival of a climate-change Messiah: somewhat akin to Germany in the 1930s, China in the 1940s, Russia in the 1920s.

On the 22 December I selectively quoted Barry Cohen’s interview with a philosopher (which Cohen tended to diminish). If an accomplished philosopher is unable to unravel the twisted threads, what hope have we lay people. Hence my concern that climate-change fascism may be lurking in the wings.


Tuesday

Elaeocarpus reticulatus (Blueberry Ash) at Hyams Beach

Elaeocarpus reticulatus (Blueberry Ash) at Hyams Beach

Riding the Rails

Carlton Station

Climate Change

Some comments extracted from this article:

Barry Cohen, “Abbott taps into a climate of confusion”, The Australian, 22 December, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/opinion/abbott-taps-into-a-climate-of-confusion/story-e6frg6zo-1225812552415

More and more people were starting to ask questions because they didn’t understand the issues. They were confused because, while most elite scientific opinion supported human-induced global warming and climate change, some disagreed. Those who asked questions were called climate change sceptics or, worse, deniers. Most, however, were “don’t knowers” who resented being sneered at and patronised by those who had no more qualification to pass judgment on the issue than they did. After my last column, when I confessed I was a “don’t knower”, an old friend called and admitted he was of the same view.

I asked, “Do you know what ETS means?” “Only vaguely,” he replied. “And cap and trade?” “Not a clue.” “How about CPRS [the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme]?” “Zilch.” He added, “For a long time I read everything about global warming and climate change, but as the government wasn’t adequately explaining the problem, I stopped reading.”

Now fervent believers in climate change will write off such comments as those of an ignoramus but the gentleman referred to is anything but. He is a professor at one of Australia’s leading universities; true, a professor of philosophy, but I can assure readers he is of above average intelligence, well informed and active on a range of political issues. If the professor has given up trying to understand what the debate is all about it’s not surprising there are many like him.

Technical Note

WordPress 2.9 is now functioning – see my sidebar page “WordPress and Open Source”

Today’s Podcast

“Animal rights”, The Law Report, 22 December, http://www.abc.net.au/rn/lawreport/stories/2009/2764558.htm

Our attitude to animals is contradictory. Many of us share our homes with pets, yet most of us eat meat. The law at least is consistent: animals are property, nothing more.

But US lawyers are trying to push the envelope through the courts: guardians have been appointed for animals and the best interests of the pet considered in family law disputes.

Meanwhile, in Spain the parliament wants to grant legal personhood to primates.


Monday

Note that with the WordPress’s unbelievably sloppy 2.9 upgrade , much of this blog is unreachable until I sort out the mess.
Chained to the locomotive

Chained to the locomotive

Time for action.

Time for action.

Two photos today from the Rising Tide blockade at Newcastle yesterday. The original jpeg’s from the Rising Tide website are excellent, highlighting the sophistication these groups bring to their events (see my comments on Climate Camp, except that the WordPress 2.9 upgrade stuff up stops any checking backwards).

Riding the Rails

Train Repairs at Clyde

Climate Change – Coal

An interesting event in Newcastle yesterday contrasts with ‘pussy’ Greenpeace in Denmark.

“23 arrested after coal train protest”, ABCNews, 20 December, http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/12/20/2776876.htm

The group says their action has been prompted by what they say is the failure of the Copenhagen climate talks. (Rising Tide)

More than 20 people have been arrested after climate change protesters blocked rail lines leading to Australia’s biggest coal export facility. Forty members of the Rising Tide group this morning chained themselves to the rail line at the Kooragang coal terminal in Newcastle as part of a protest against the Copenhagen climate agreement.

The protesters, including an 86-year-old man, also chained themselves to an 8,000-tonne coal train outside the port.  Police managed to remove the last protester after a six-hour standoff. The 23 people arrested were later charged with a total of 45 rail safety offences. They will appear in Newcastle Local Court next month.

“We’re here today protesting the failure of the UN climate talks in Copenhagen, that we believe the rich world wrecked any chance of getting any good agreement out of,” said Rising Tide spokesman, Steve Phillips.

“Copenhagen failure sparks coal terminal blockade”, Rising Tide Australia, 20 December, http://www.risingtide.org.au/

Updates:

4:30pm: The Kooragang rail line has just reopened, 7.5 hours after the blockade began

3:00pm: Police have removed the final protester blockading a coal rail bridge in Newcastle, Australia, more than six hours after protesters shut down the coal delivery line into the world’s biggest coal port.

12:00pm: Police have made their first arrests at a dramatic coal train blockade on a bridge in Newcastle – the world’s biggest coal port.

Three hours into the blockade, police have arrested ten people who were sitting on the rail bridge and refusing to move. Protesters expect the blockade to last for the remainder of the day and perhaps into the night, with a further 15 people still blocking the bridge in difficult to remove positions.

Activists shut down the rail line at 9am this morning to protest the failure of the UN climate talks in Copenhagen to produce a just, effective, and legally binding treaty.

9am, Sunday 20th December 2009, Newcastle Australia: Forty climate activists have closed down the rail line into the world’s biggest coal port this morning, protesting the failure of the UN climate talks in Copenhagen to produce a just, effective, and legally binding treaty.

Twenty five of the diverse group – aged from 19 to 86 years and including a Buddhist priest, and an elected local councillor – are occupying a rail bridge in Newcastle, Australia, and refusing to leave. They have hung large banners reading “Greed wrecked Copenhagen: Now it’s up to us all”, and “You could have done something great.”

And in Copenhagen:

Frank Furedi, “Much ado about nothing in Denmark”, The Australian, 21 December, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/opinion/much-ado-about-nothing-in-denmark/story-e6frg6zo-1225812230751

The role of the protesters may be confined to that of extras, but they add colour and drama to the spectacle. They were even given permission to protest inside the Bella Centre and their ability to bring the proceedings to standstill helped to inject dramatic tension into an otherwise tedious event.

The protesters take their activities very seriously. A communique by Greenpeace informs the world that while heads of state were dining, “Greenpeace volunteers were out on the streets of Copenhagen, climbing lampposts (my emphasis) to carry our theme of the day: politicians talk, leaders act”.

In this comic drama, climbing lampposts is presented as an initiative that is morally superior to the diplomatic negotiations. The organisers of this spectacle appear to agree, which is why lamppost climbers are treated as if they are the voice of the people, whose job it is to keep the proceedings real. Outwardly, world leaders defer to their moral authority. That is what British Prime Minister Gordon Brown means when he praises protesters for propelling world leaders.


Sunday

An ant home on the way to Uluru

An ant home on the way to Uluru

Riding the Rails

Ashfield Station

Technical Note

WordPress released their Ver. 2.9 yesterday and after upgrading all I had was a blank screen. Checking the WordPress Installation forum, several dozen users were having difficulties. I ended up moving the current, upgraded but stuffed blog and installing Ver. 2.8.5 (2.8.6 wouldn’t unzip) and gradually moving image and sound and plugin directories into the rolled back installation. I still have no Pages, Comments or Posting Calendar but will eventually sort this out.

Unbelievable that such shoddy programming could be released.

Today’s Podcast

An interesting ‘climate change’ viewpoint.

“Nicholas Stern’s blueprint for a safer planet”, The Book Show, 8 December, http://www.abc.net.au/rn/bookshow/stories/2009/2764746.htm

He is the author of the Stern Review, a 700-page report released in October 2006 and commissioned by the British government which looks at the effect of global warming on the world economy.


Saturday

On our way to Uluru

On our way to Uluru

Riding the Rails

An Intercity at Homebush

A bus driver’s strike yesterday caused considerable inconvenience (and much CO2 emission). Instead of using train and bus to travel to Waverley for an inspection, I spent much time in very slow moving traffic, all of us spewing out exhaust gas. In the news leading up to the strike, I missed any mention of how this strike contributes to global warming but read how both sides were the personification of compromise; it was all the other side’s bloody-mindedness.

Climate Change – Questioning the Science

I do not doubt that we are experiencing a period of climate change but I question the science. Taking a long-term view, climate change is a cyclical event; taking a short-term view, I cannot determine if the sea level is rising or falling, if temperatures are rising or falling or whether CO2 is the contributing emission, from the information presented in the many sources available. In discussing this with Ken Cameron, he mentioned that:

Climate change as religion looks to me like a mixture of science as a religion, which Mary Midgely writes about so well, and environmentalism as a religion, which has at least a 300-year history.  The media coverage of Copenhagen is reaching a crescendo of much ado about nothing. But I do look forward to quality writing about what happened. (E. Cameron, 17 December, email.)

This prompted me to check out Mary Midgley and in the following selective quotes, she describes my knowledge dilemma.

“Mary, Mary, quite contrary”, The Guardian, 13 January 2001, http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2001/jan/13/philosophy

… human life [is] like an enormous, ill-lit aquarium which we never see fully from above, but only through various small windows unevenly distributed around it. Scientific windows – like historical ones – are just one important set among these. Fish and other strange creatures constantly swim away from particular windows… reappearing where different lighting can make them hard to recognise. Long experience, along with constant dashing around between windows, does give us a good deal of skill in tracking them. But if we refuse to put together the data from different widows, then we can be in real trouble.

… distance from academic proprieties comes out in her friendship and admiration for James Lovelock, the originator of the Gaia hypothesis. “She’s so right about science. It is becoming fragmented to such an extent that the average scientist is now a specialist who knows no more outside his specialty than the average layman; and somebody needed to say that.”

But although she often professes to be talking about science, she does draw an equivalence between scientism [applying scientific method inappropriately] and science.

Midgley feels that modern scientists, though they have realised what the urgent problems of the human race are, still talk as if science, or simply increasing knowledge, could solve them. But “If there is one thing that we know from the long and hard experience of the human race, it is that what is wrong is not simple.”

My consideration of Lovelock was posted on 1 December when, through the reasoning of Tim Flannery, I changed my opinion of both Lovelock and Flannery.

Midgley’s logic is in contrast to that of Bill McKibben and other climate change ‘gurus’ and I am moving more to the view we are being shilled by the ‘climate change leads to doom’ priesthood .

See the Wikipedia entry at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Midgley and  Midgley, M (2002), Beast and Man, http://books.google.com.au/books?id=g2gu7pRXEPYC&dq=mary+midgley&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=pRSMVJsd2B&sig=ntBDtTIrbTBpPP0nzq0zUncetoU&hl=en&ei=1r0pS-buFo-gkQX25bz4CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CBEQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=&f=false which has a readable text and enough to prompt a deeper reading of the actual book.

And then we have this

“Scientists ‘crying wolf’ over coral”, The Australian, 19 December, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/scientists-crying-wolf-over-coral/story-e6frg6nf-1225811910634

A SENIOR marine researcher has accused Australian scientists of “crying wolf” over the threat of climate change to the Great Barrier Reef, exposing deep division about its vulnerability.

Today’s Website

A fine interactive graphic but it doesn’t say much too me.

“A Journey Through Climate History”, ABC Science, http://www.abc.net.au/innovation/environment/cc_timeline.html


Friday

Mt Cockburn, Central Australia

Mt Cockburn, Central Australia

Riding the Rails

Redfern Carriage and Locomotive Workshops

My father was a carriage builder in these workshops in the early 1930s.

Climate Change

A reward of maintaining this weblog is learning  about climate change, rising sea levels, coal, gas, deforestation, drought, genetic modification, food-miles and more; but I read much that tests my credibility. One example is the rising ‘climate change’ star, Bill McKibben who conforms to the ‘religious’ aspect discussed by Freeman Dyson (see 7 December post).

Bill McKibben

Bill McKibben’s Wikipedia page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_McKibben. (I have inserted my comments into his text.)

William Ernest “Bill” McKibben (born 1960) is an American environmentalist and writer who frequently writes about global warming and alternative energy and advocates for more localized economies. Beginning in the summer of 2006, he led the organization of the largest demonstrations against global warming in American history. McKibben is active in the Methodist Church, and his writing is sometimes spiritual in nature. Al Gore wrote in 2007 that “when I was serving in the Senate, Bill McKibben’s descriptions of the planetary impacts… made such an impression on me that it led, among other things, to my receiving the honorific title ‘Ozone Man’ from the first President Bush.” (This is nonsense – what are ‘planetary impacts”?)

McKibben grew up in suburban Lexington, Massachusetts. As an undergraduate at Harvard University (unable to determine what degree), he was president of the Harvard Crimson newspaper (1). Immediately after college he joined the The New Yorker as a staff writer and wrote much of the Talk of the Town column from 1982 to early 1987. He quit the magazine when its longtime editor William Shawn was forced out of his job (some background here would be useful), and soon moved to the Adirondack Mountains of upstate New York.

He currently resides with his wife, writer Sue Halpern and his daughter, Sophie, who was born in 1993, in Ripton, Vermont. He is a scholar in residence at Middlebury College, where he also directs the Middlebury Fellowships in Environmental Journalism (the same as he has written on his website – little environmental substance but includes his many books). He is also a fellow at the Post Carbon Institute (a self-congratulating vehicle promoting doom and carbon tarts).

Awards

McKibben has been awarded both a Guggenheim Fellowship (1993) and a Lyndhurst Fellowship (unable to get any information on this other than several links to go back to Bill). He won a Lannan Literary Award for nonfiction writing in 2000 (verifiable and an award of significance). He has honorary degrees from Sterling College, Green Mountain College, Unity College, the State University of New York, Colgate University, and Lebanon Valley College (linked to the Methodist church but no mention of what degrees).

This is reprinted from http://www.postcarbon.org/blog-post/41961-thank-you-together-we-made

“Thank you – together, we made history”, Posted Oct 25, 2009 by Bill McKibben

Today in New York was one of the most amazing experiences of my life. As I stood in Times Square and watched images flood in from every corner of the world on the big screens, I finally saw what a climate movement looked like — and it looked diverse and creative and beautiful. Please head to www.350.org and spend a few minutes watching the pictures. We need you to feel the strength of this movement, and to see how creative and committed this movement is, all across the planet. It was so sweet to watch the day move around the globe, with thousands upon thousands of pictures appearing, sometimes a dozen a minute! There were photos of climbers high on the glaciers of Switzerland holding 350 banners, of bicycle parades from Copenhagen to San Francisco, of organizers in Papua New Guinea beating their church gong 350 times while churches in Barcelona rang their bells 350 times. Photos of activists protesting coal plants and celebrating wind farms, of students in 350 shirts repairing their flooded homes in Manila, and of thousands of people marching in the streets of Bogota and Kathmandu. Photos of people from different races and classes, religions and nationalities, coming together around a simple and powerful number to save our planet. Thousands took to the streets in Addis Ababa and Mexico City; we had huge parades in places like Togo and Seattle. You were by far the biggest news story on Google, on CNN, on the front pages of newspapers around the planet. And these pictures were seen around the world, in newspapers from Beijing to Boston, on TV stations from New Delhi to New York, and on blogs, social networks, and websites across the internet. Together, we’ve shown the world that a global climate movement is possible and set a bold new agenda for the upcoming United Nations Climate Meetings in Copenhagen this December. The 350 target is the new bottom line for climate action and world leaders must now meet that target. We thought we would be tired after many sleepless nights planning this day, but in fact we’re more energized than ever. We’re preparing to deliver the photos and messages from your events to every national delegation to the United Nations on Monday, and planning to hand the photos to high-level ministers at upcoming climate negotiations in Barcelona and Copenhagen. So if you haven’t uploaded your best pictures from the event yet, please do so right away by sending us an e-mail to photos@350.org with your photos attached, with your City, Country as the subject and the body as the action description. Thank you more than we can possibly say. We’ll (of course) be asking you to do lots more in the weeks ahead — but today, lean back, relax, look through pictures at 350.org, and savor your accomplishment. You were part of what many journalists called “the most widespread day of political action the world has ever seen.” (My emphasis). Together with millions around the world, you made a real difference already — get ready to make much more in the days, weeks and months to come. With hope, Bill McKibben and the whole 350.org Team

As an avid print and internet press reader, how did I miss this ‘sweet’ event?

(1) http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2007/6/4/william-e-mckibben-a-commentator-on/


Thursday

On the train to Liverpool yesterday.

On the train to Liverpool yesterday.

Riding the Rails

Gallipoli Mosque, Auburn

How lucky we are to have this distinctive building off-setting the very drab Australian suburban surroundings. I pity the poor Swiss for voting against minarets.

Fish Farming – Atlantic Salmon

I have, in developing my cook book, claimed not to eat Atlantic Salmon (although I did have to order it for the family Christmas dinner). Here are the reasons:

“Salmon: Clean, green super-food or battery hens of the sea?”, ABC News, 8 December, http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/12/08/2765421.htm

It’s being served up on plates all the way from Sydney to Shanghai and the entrepreneurs driving the Tasmanian salmon industry have predicted it will become a billion dollar industry. It is amazing growth for a product that only started in Tasmania 20 years ago, when the first Atlantic salmon eggs were shipped in and hatched in local waters.

Salmon farmers have relied on marketing Tasmania’s clean, green image to spearhead their assault on mainland and overseas markets. Advertisers use phrases like “grown in the pristine oceans off Tasmania” and the industry has acknowledged that this association has been crucial to salmon’s success. But a growing number of critics say the marketing is a sham and that the waters of a salmon farm are more likely to be swirling with chemicals and waste.

Canadian environmentalist Dr David Suzuki is one of the industry’s detractors. Three years ago he fired the first shot in the salmon wars, berating the National Press Club for eating Tasmanian salmon during his speech. “You all sat and chowed down on farmed salmon and obviously you don’t give a shit about what you’re putting into your body,” he said. “You know what a farmed salmon is, it’s filled with toxic chemicals.” Dr Suzuki is continuing his campaign against farmed salmon, here and in Canada.

The allegations are fiercely contested by the Tasmanian salmon farmers who assure customers their product is the way of the future. “There are always critics out there and I guess our test will be ultimately whether we are sustainable or not, and we’re continuing to invest to make sure that we are,” Mr Ryan said.

The Australian Marine Conservation Society has been one of the most persistent critics. Marine campaigner Ben Birt says the society has consistently urged environmentally-conscious consumers to say no to Tasmanian farmed salmon.

“In order to feed the salmon to grow them you need to catch a lot of wild fish and, each year, millions of tonnes of smaller fish like anchovy and sardine are removed from the sea in order to be fed to the salmon,” he said. “This has potentially huge implications for the wild ecosystems.” The society says as many as four kilograms of wild fish need to be caught to raise one kilogram of Tasmanian salmon.

But perhaps the biggest PR problem for the industry has been its use of antibiotics to treat its fish. As many as 50,000 salmon are farmed inside each pen and keeping disease from spreading in these tight confines is a constant battle. Industry figures show that from 2006 to 2008 almost 18 tonnes of the antibiotics Oxytetracycline and Amoxicillin (also used to treat people) were fed to Tasmanian salmon.

The industry stresses that it flushes and tests the fish before they are sold to ensure there are no traces of antibiotics when they arrive on plates. However, critics like Tasmanian Greens MP Kim Booth says wild fish can eat the antibiotics which are given to the salmon in fish pellets.

“If they don’t deal with the issues of antibiotics and they don’t deal with the issues of the effluent that falls off these things into the bottom of the ocean they will end up … they’re being called the battery hens of the seas,” he said.

Figures obtained exclusively by the ABC suggest that the great majority of the antibiotics were used by Tassal. Tassal boss Mark Ryan refused to supply figures on his company’s antibiotic use to the ABC but said they were only used on animal welfare grounds to keep the fish healthy.

More information

Wednesday

Kata Tjuta (aka The Olgas)

Kata Tjuta (aka The Olgas)

Riding the Rails

Leaving Central Station

Climate Change

“Gore ices over the polar truth”, The Australian, 16 December, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/gore-ices-over-the-polar-truth/story-e6frg6nf-1225810747152

The narrator of the Oscar-winning documentary An Inconvenient Truth told a forum at the Copenghagen climate change summit that new research indicated the Arctic could be ice-free in five years. Mr Gore told the conference: “These figures are fresh. Some of the models suggest to Dr (Wieslav) Maslowski that there is a 75 per cent chance that the entire north polar ice cap, during the summer months, could be completely ice-free within five to seven years.”

However, according to a report in The Times newspaper, the climatologist whose work Mr Gore was relying on, disagreed. “It’s unclear to me how this figure was arrived at,” Dr Maslowski said. “I would never try to estimate likelihood of anything as exact as this.”

Mr Gore’s office later admitted to The Times that the 75 per cent was used by Dr Maslowski as a “ballpark figure” several years ago in a conversation with Mr Gore. The credibility of climate change research has been under attack after the controversy over the hacked emails from the University of East Anglia’s Climate Research Unit, which appeared to suggest that scientists had manipulated data to strengthen their argument that human activities were causing global warming.

Climate scientists criticised Mr Gore’s speech. “This is an exaggeration that opens the science up to criticism from sceptics,” Jim Overland, a leading oceanographer at the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, said. “You really don’t need to exaggerate the changes in the Arctic.”

Why did Gore overstate the situation? His every statement will now be examined. His documentary was a landmark in raising our awareness (even if disputable) so why take this approach and reap scorn?


Tuesday

Mountain Devil in Central Australia

Mountain Devil in Central Australia

There is interesting information on the ‘Mountain Devil Dreaming’ at http://www.aboriginalartstore.com.au/aboriginal-art-culture/aboriginal-lizard-painting.php

Still Riding the Trains

Town Hall Station

Climate Change – The Data

I have been totting up the various carbon emission contributions.  We have:

Source Per cent
Global air travel 3
Worldwide, buildings 40 to 50
Coal 40
People 40
The total so far 123 to 133
Sources

“The Climate Connection-Episode 5”, BBC World Service, http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0055j94

Worldwide, buildings emit 40 to 50 per cent of global carbon emissions.

“Coal boss takes climate solutions to Copenhagen”, ABCNews, 9 December, http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/12/08/2765656.htm

Mr Hillman made the suggestion as he prepared to depart for Copenhagen. The burning of coal is responsible for 40 per cent of global emissions but, despite that, Australia is planning to double its coal exports by 2030.

“Psychology and climate change – how to encourage more environmentally sensitive behaviour”. Health Check, 14 December, http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00594zz

Today’s Podcast

“Genetic research at the Pasteur Institute”, The Health Report , http://www.abc.net.au/rn/healthreport/stories/2009/2770360.htm

Lluis Quintana-Murci talks about some fascinating genetic research in human evolutionary genetics he and his colleagues have been involved with at the Pasteur Institute in Paris.

Modern humans originated around 200,000 years ago in Africa. Modern humans left Africa around 50,000, 60,000, 70,000 years ago, when you study all the variation of non-African populations from a genetic point of view you always get to that date. This date from 50,000 to 70,000 years ago something major happened in Africa that made humans leave Africa and for example with this kind of a study we could show several years ago that modern humans left Africa for the first time following the southern route from East Africa, following the south coastline of the Arabian peninsula and eventually leading into India and Australia very early. The colonisation of Australia by modern humans was very fast and very early in human evolution, probably much earlier than Europe.

Europe has been a bit more complicated, Europe it seems it was colonised around 30,000, 40,000 years ago, the ‘problem of Europe’ is that in Europe two different species coincided at the same time. We have modern humans arriving in Europe around 40,000 years ago where Neanderthals were living at that time. The last Neanderthal disappeared around 30,000 years ago.


Monday

On the train this morning.

On the train this morning.

Another train ride

City Circle

Cook Book

The first draft is almost completed with sixty-four recipes plus chapters on sourcing ingredients, useful items of hardware and a glossary of ingredients.

This collection of recipes is about:

  • Simple nutritious meals.
  • Readily obtainable ingredients.
  • Where relevant, fresh ingredients
  • Inexpensive food.
  • Food that can be served to guests.
  • Food that anybody who can read can cook

I will lift the number of recipes to 100, partly by inviting friends to contribute to a ‘Guest Section’.

Technical Note

I have installed two new plugins in my WordPress application:

  1. ‘Recipe Press’, which lists recipes on a separate page. This replaces the random posting into a days commentary.
  2. ‘Simple Facebook Share Button’, which places a Facebook Share button on the blog post. Easier to use and more precise than Sidewiki.

And I have added a ‘Video’ page listing the videos which I am also inserting into the daily post.